{"id":15641,"date":"2024-12-27T17:01:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T17:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hederav2stg.wpenginepowered.com\/blog\/introducing-block-streams-a-unified-data-stream-capturing-the-comprehensive-history-of-the-hedera-network\/"},"modified":"2025-12-08T18:10:29","modified_gmt":"2025-12-08T18:10:29","slug":"introducing-block-streams-a-unified-data-stream-capturing-the-comprehensive-history-of-the-hedera-network","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hedera.com\/blog\/introducing-block-streams-a-unified-data-stream-capturing-the-comprehensive-history-of-the-hedera-network\/","title":{"rendered":"Introducing Block Streams: A Unified Data Stream Capturing the Comprehensive History of the Hedera Network"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"body-text BodyCopy mb-40 style-1\">\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">Introducing Block Streams: A Unified Data Stream Capturing the Comprehensive History of the Hedera Network<\/h4>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The upcoming Hedera network upgrade introduces early access to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/hashgraph\/hedera-improvement-proposal\/pull\/1056\" target=\"_blank\">HIP-1056: Block Streams<\/a><\/strong>, a new blockchain format for recording the Hedera network&#8217;s activities. This innovation marks a big step forward with <strong>all transaction output and state change data being exposed in a single, cryptographically verifiable stream of data.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Block Streams will consolidate current output streams into a <strong>single, unified format<\/strong><em>.<\/em> Moreover, the inclusion of Hedera state data redefines how developers and services interact with the network, enabling <strong>richer insights, improved efficiency, and streamlined integrations.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">TL;DR<\/h4>\n<p>Block Streams are a new output stream that merges Hedera\u2019s existing <strong>event, record, and sidecar streams<\/strong> into a <strong>single stream of verifiable data.<\/strong> This consolidated approach primarily simplifies data consumption; however, with the inclusion of state data, it also unlocks new capabilities such as <strong>state proofs and interledger communication.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Each block within this stream is a <strong>self-contained, verifiable entity<\/strong> that encompasses:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>All events and transactions<\/strong> within a configurable number of consensus rounds.<\/li>\n<li><strong>All resulting transaction output and state change data.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>A single network signature<\/strong> that attests to the validity of the block by a majority of Hedera mainnet nodes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">Benefits of Blockstreams<\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">1. Unified Data Stream<\/h4>\n<p><em><\/em><strong><\/strong>Block Streams consolidate multiple data types into a\u00a0<strong>single, cohesive stream<\/strong>, simplifying data consumption and processing for developers and services.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">2. Enhanced Verifiability<\/h4>\n<p><em><\/em>Each block includes a <strong>BLS network signature<\/strong>, proving it was signed by a majority of nodes representing a majority of the network&#8217;s consensus stake weight. This feature simplifies the verification of the data, reducing <strong>mirror node processing and verification costs.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">3. Simplified Consumption<\/h4>\n<p><em><\/em>Block Streams are encoded using <strong>Protobuf<\/strong>, enabling them to be easily consumable by any programming language with minimal complexity or dependencies, which increases accessibility for developers to work with Hedera data.<\/p>\n<ol><\/ol>\n<ol><\/ol>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">Unlocking Potential with State Changes<\/h4>\n<p>Adding Hedera state change data unlocks <strong>significant advantages<\/strong> by enabling off-network computation and verification of state. This capability empowers developers and services to achieve <strong>high performance, enhanced efficiency, and greater flexibility.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Some examples include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Applications and off-chain services<\/strong> can cache and process Hedera state locally, reducing latency and dependency on external data retrieval.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Applications and off-chain services<\/strong> can monitor and maintain contract state locally, enabling seamless interaction with Hedera-based smart contracts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">Technical Insights into Blockstreams<\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\"><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">Block Items<strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>A Block Stream is a continuous sequence of <strong>data elements, known as Block Items<\/strong>, streamed from Hedera consensus nodes to provide a verifiable record of Hedera consensus and transaction processing.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The sequence of Block Items is crucial for interpreting the Block Stream, as it not only defines the boundaries of individual blocks but also establishes the relationship between Block Items within a block.<\/p>\n<p>This ordered structure determines how blocks are extracted from the Block Stream, how transactions are linked to specific events, how events correlate with rounds, and how these components collectively define a block.<\/p>\n<p>The graphic below illustrates how the sequential ordering of Block Items represents the structure of a block and the data relationships connecting blocks, rounds, events, and transactions.<\/p>\n<figure><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" data-image=\"8bltyr7njprj\" height=\"221\" src=\"https:\/\/hedera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/blockstreams1.png\" width=\"624\"\/><\/figure>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\"><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">Block Hash<\/h4>\n<p>Within each block, the Block Items are organized into a <strong>Merkle-based tree structure<\/strong>, culminating in a root hash, known as the <strong>Block Hash.<\/strong> This structure ensures that each block\u2019s data is consistent and accurately represented.<\/p>\n<p>This Block Hash is signed by a majority of consensus nodes using an aggregated signature, referred to as the <strong>Block Proof.<\/strong> The Block Proof provides cryptographic assurance that it has been processed, attested, and signed by a majority of Hedera mainnet nodes.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">Block Item Proof<\/h4>\n<p><strong><\/strong>The Block Hash, Block Proof, and Merkle tree structure of a block open up new opportunities for leveraging Hedera&#8217;s output data. Among these advancements are <strong>Block Item Proofs<\/strong>, which are cryptographic proofs for individual block items that allow verification of specific data within a block.<\/p>\n<p>These proofs empower users to <strong>independently verify all of Hedera\u2019s transactional history<\/strong> at minimal cost, even for offline devices. This capability not only enhances trust and transparency but also significantly broadens the range of use cases for Hedera, from lightweight applications to secure offline verifications.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">Blockchain Structure<\/h4>\n<p>Hedera functions as a <strong>modular blockchain<\/strong>, achieving consensus through the Hedera Hashgraph while outputting data into a <strong>blockchain structure.<\/strong> This architecture ensures the security and immutability of the network&#8217;s historical records.<\/p>\n<p>Block Streams build on this foundation by incorporating the <strong>hash of each preceding block into the next block,<\/strong> forming an immutable chain of data derived from Hedera.<\/p>\n<p>The diagram below illustrates the Merkle tree structure within a block, showcasing how the previous block&#8217;s hash is seamlessly integrated into the current one. This structure not only ensures <strong>data integrity<\/strong> but also enhances the transparency and auditability of the network.<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" data-image=\"0y5wzbvj4ev6\" height=\"239\" src=\"https:\/\/hedera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/blockstreams2.png\" width=\"624\"\/><\/figure>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\"><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">Transition to Block Streams<\/h4>\n<p><strong><\/strong>When transitioning from the existing <strong>Hedera Record Stream<\/strong> to Block Streams, the <strong>hash of the final record file<\/strong> will be included as input to the first block. This ensures <strong>cryptographic continuity<\/strong> between the existing record stream and the new Block Stream format.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">Impacts on Mirror Nodes<\/h4>\n<p>The <strong>Mirror Node software<\/strong> ensures a smooth transition from records to Block Streams and Block Nodes, offering an intuitive and straightforward <strong>upgrade process<\/strong> for operators. Additionally, the introduction of Block Streams brings significant features and benefits to Mirror Node operators and consumers, including the following:<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">1. Aggregated Signature \u2013 Less cost, less latency\u00a0<\/h4>\n<p>Currently, each node generates a <strong>v6 record stream<\/strong> and a <strong>signature file<\/strong> for verification. Mirror Nodes must download signature files from a <strong>strong minority (1\/3 of consensus stake)<\/strong> along with the record file, which makes frequent cloud storage access expensive. Blocks now include a single aggregated signature to cut costs and simplify the process<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">2. File Naming and Retrieval \u2013 Less cost<\/h4>\n<p><strong><\/strong><strong>Record stream files<\/strong> are named after the first transaction&#8217;s <strong>consensus timestamp<\/strong>, forcing mirror nodes to perform costly <strong>LIST operations<\/strong> on cloud storage to find new record files. The new <strong>Block Streams<\/strong> use <strong>sequential block numbers<\/strong>, removing the need for these operations. <\/p>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">3. Sidecar Inclusion \u2013 Lower complexity and processing<\/h4>\n<p><strong><\/strong>In <strong>record streams<\/strong>, sidecar files store extra data\u2014like <strong>smart contract logs<\/strong>\u2014separately from the main record stream. <strong>Block Streams<\/strong> integrate this sidecar data into a <strong>unified stream<\/strong>, simplifying <strong>data management<\/strong> for Mirror Node operators.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">4. Reduced Egress<\/h4>\n<p>Currently, <strong>records streams<\/strong> are stored in <strong>cloud buckets<\/strong>, incurring <strong>egress charges<\/strong> for requesters. With the introduction of <strong>Block Nodes<\/strong>, Mirror Node operators have the flexibility to select their <strong>preferred Block Node<\/strong>, offering greater control over <strong>geolocation<\/strong> and reducing <strong>egress costs.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"color-ultraviolet\">Final Thoughts<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Block Streams<\/strong> mark a significant step in <strong>Hedera&#8217;s evolution<\/strong>, providing a powerful new way to leverage <strong>network data\u00a0<\/strong>for <strong>verification, transparency, and innovation.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As we roll out this feature,\u00a0<strong>we encourage your feedback and collaboration<\/strong> to explore the full potential of <strong>Block Streams<\/strong> to transform how we interact with and verify blockchain data. Together, we\u2019re paving the way for a <strong>more connected, transparent, and efficient decentralized future.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Starting with <strong>release 0.56<\/strong>, developers can access <strong>Block Streams<\/strong>, which will contain <strong>full mainnet blocks<\/strong>, including all data, except for the <strong>Block Proof<\/strong>, which will be mocked for development purposes.<\/p>\n<p>The blocks will be published to the <strong>Google Cloud Service (GCS)<\/strong> utilized by Hedera&#8217;s <strong>record stream<\/strong>, adhering to the following structure:<\/p>\n<p><code>gs:\/\/hedera-mainnet-streams\/block-preview\/mainnet\/0\/3\/000[..].blk.gz<\/code><strong><br \/><\/strong><strong><br \/>For more information, please visit:<\/strong><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.hedera.com\/hedera\/core-concepts\/mirror-nodes\/run-your-own-beta-mirror-node\/run-your-own-mirror-node-gcs\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hedera Documentation<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hedera is revolutionizing how blockchain data is consumed with the introduction of <strong>Block Streams<\/strong>, a unified format that consolidates existing event, record, and sidecar streams. This innovation simplifies data handling while offering developers enhanced verifiability, streamlined integration, and powerful new capabilities like state proofs and interledger communication.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":16720,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[45],"ppma_author":[43],"class_list":["post-15641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-technical"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Introducing Block Streams: A Unified Data Stream Capturing the Comprehensive History of the Hedera Network | Hedera<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hedera.com\/blog\/introducing-block-streams-a-unified-data-stream-capturing-the-comprehensive-history-of-the-hedera-network\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Introducing Block Streams: A Unified Data Stream Capturing the Comprehensive History of the Hedera Network | Hedera\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hedera is revolutionizing how blockchain data is consumed with the introduction of Block Streams, a unified format that consolidates existing event, record, and sidecar streams. 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